Native Trees of Ontario

A fundamental aim of the Arboretum is to conserve and celebrate the natural diversity of woody plants. This holds true for species native to our province of Ontario, where urban sprawl and development, agricultural and resource use, competition by invasive species, and decimation by new pests and diseases continuously pressure remaining plant communities. In our built landscapes of gardens and parks, farms and yards, plants from everywhere are mixed together, and one is equally likely to see a Norway maple as a sugar maple.

The Native Trees of Ontario collection champions trees and shrubs that evolved here in Ontario, existing before settlers began their process of transformation. These plants developed within ecological networks of animals, insects, fungi, and soils -networks which they still support and depend on. Historically, plants in this collection were grouped together by geographic region, like a tour of the counties, but this shifted to match plants with the most suitable microclimate for their needs.

Embracing a wild aesthetic, mown trails (the east loop and the west loop) meander through naturalized plantings, where plants protect and shade each other, compete for space, spread and climb. The east loop is partially mown, with benches to rest at and enjoy the shaded views. Much of the collection area appears spontaneous, and this is by design, to provide the experience of walking through a natural area. There is, however, a continuous editing process going on behind the scenes to contain vigorous plants, remove invasive species, enrich plants with nutritional needs, and of course to introduce new taxa. Instead of plant labels, you will find interpretive signs along the trail that dive into a native species in detail.

There are well over 100 native species of woody plants in Ontario, and some require environmental conditions that we just can’t offer. But diversity doesn’t just refer to the largest number of different taxa. We also value genetic diversity within a single species, as some species are highly variable and widespread, showing adaptation from wild population to wild population. For plants that naturally spread across borders, as a great many do, reaching well into the U.S or the Maritimes  (or across the northern hemisphere), we only include material grown from seed or cuttings collected in Ontario. Knowing the precise origin of a collection plant increases its value for future conservation and research.

A dynamic space, this collection reflects core values that we hope to share. Visitors are welcome to explore and build their own relationships with our native woody species.

The two sections of the Native Trees of Ontario are connected by trails which pass on either side of the Arboretum Centre. To compliment the woody plants you will meet in the collections, consider visiting the Jane Goodall Roots and Shoots garden, (cared for by the Guelph Master Gardeners), which is found right in the middle, on the trail between Native Trees sections. It is a charming woodland garden that introduces a diversity of herbaceous and perennial plants native to eastern North America.